A Theoretical Estimate of the Pole-Equator Temperature Difference and a Possible Origin of the Near-Surface Shear Layer

Convective motions in the deep layers of solar convection zone are affected by rotation, making convective heat transport latitude-dependent, but this is not case top near surface. We use thermal wind balance condition deeper to estimate pole–equator temperature difference. Surface observations difference can be used for estimating depth near-surface layer within which rotation. If we require that holds also, then have conclude must a strong differential rotation and its characteristics derive broad agreement with observational data shear layer.